Robert Fox is Emeritus Professor of the History of Science at the University of Oxford and an honorary fellow of Oriel College. His main research interests are in European science, technology, and medicine since the eighteenth century. His recent books include The Savant and the State. Science and Cultural Politics in Nineteenth-Century France (2012) and Science without Frontiers. Cosmopolitanism and National Interests in the World of Learning, 1870-1940 (2016).