Iqtidar Alam Khan, who retired as a Professor from Aligarh Muslim University in 1994, has done extensive research in different aspects of medieval Indian history, particularly the reign of Emperor Akbar and the history of the use of gunpowder and firearms, and he has published A Historical Dictionary of Medieval India, India's Polity in the Age of Akbar, The Mughal Nobility: Two Political Biographies and Studies in Thought, Polity and Economy of Medieval India, 1000-1500.