The articles included in the collection "At the Origins of the Pictures of the World of Ancient China" are united by a common theme - research of ideas of peoples inhabiting the territory of China in ancient times about the structure of the universe, its emergence and development, about the place of man and society in the world picture. These ideas formed the basis of myths about the emergence and functioning of the cosmos, about ancient disasters (floods and fires) and their overcoming, about world "constants" - the World Tree, the World Mount, The Celestial Serpent and the Earth Tortoise, the "black pearls" of Huang Di and how Qua Fu chased the Sun, the almighty spirits of royal ancestors, the fear of them and of overcoming this fear, and much more. These and other myths and realities of Ancient China's culture were considered from the scientific point of view, which allowed the author to reconstruct in the main features the history of their origin and the subsequent rethinking within the ideology.