Francis Hopkinson Smith was an American author, painter, and civil engineer, renowned for his short stories and novels that delve into human nature and social issues. Smith initially pursued a career in engineering but later shifted his focus to art and writing. His literary work is characterized by rich characterization, vivid descriptions, and themes of resilience, particularly in the face of adversity. Smith's stories often portray marginalized individuals, exploring their struggles and triumphs in a rapidly changing world. His most notable work, ""The Under Dog,"" delves into the lives of mountain people after the Civil War, highlighting their hardships and tenacity. In addition to his writing, Smith was an accomplished painter, and his artistic background influenced his descriptive style. He was a member of the National Academy of Design and left a lasting legacy in both literature and art. Smith's works continue to resonate, reflecting the enduring spirit of those who face life's challenges.