For four centuries, the Campa Ashaninkas of the Peruvian Amazon have fought for their identity and independence in the face of Spanish colonialism and Peruvian national expansionism. Stefano Varese wrote about the Campa Ashaninkas in the mid-1960s, after three seasons of field research among them and three years of archival research. He titled his book La Sal de Los Cerros, after the invaded Mountain of Salt that had been the center of Campa Ashaninka trade and power for millennia. Salt of the Mountain makes Varese's classic work of anthropology available in English for the first time, updated with a new preface and introduction by the author.