Neonatology is a specialization within pediatrics, which encompasses the medical care of newborn infants. It focuses on the premature newborn or ones born with complications, such as low birth weight, sepsis, birth defects, birth asphyxia, pulmonary hypoplasia, etc. Infants are susceptible to a number of severe diseases as they are still adapting to extrauterine life. These may include neonatal jaundice, neonatal conjunctivitis, infant respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal sepsis, etc. Perinatology or maternal-fetal medicine is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the management of health concerns of the fetus and the mother before, after and during pregnancy. Pregnant women with chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart or kidney disease, thrombophilia, or hypertension, or those with higher risk of miscarriages, pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, and twin or triplet pregnancies are treated within the domain of perinatology. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the current practices and procedures of neonatology and perinatology. It aims to present the new researches that have transformed these disciplines and aided their advancement. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying neonatology and perinatology as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.