The health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period is known as maternal health. It also includes other dimensions of health care, including prenatal care, postnatal care, preconception and family planning. It aims to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality in women, and facilitate a positive and fulfilling experience for them. The field of medicine dealing with the care of newborn infants is known as neonatology. Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are the units of intensive care, which deal with the care of ill or premature newborn. The field of medicine that is focused on the management of the health issues related to the mother and fetus at the time of pregnancy is called perinatology. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to maternal health. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under maternal health and how such concepts have practical applications. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.