This is the first detailed account of the history of Phoenicia under the domination of the Greeks and Macedonians. It reveals how the Phoenicians survived and even prospered through sometimes painful adaptation to Hellenistic life. After Alexander the Great sacked Tyre in 332BC the Phoenicians practically drop out of history. John D Grainger makes a scholarly and diligent effort to recover them in the first full-length modern study of the long Phoenician twilight under Greco-Macedonian rule.