Sembene Ousmane, film director and writer, was born in Senegal and worked as a fisherman before attending l'Ecole de Ceramique at Marsassoum. He then worked as a plumber, a bricklayer and an apprentice mechanic in Dakar. After the war he became a docker and trade union leader in Marseilles, and out of this experience he wrote "Le Docker Noir" (1956). He had also published "Oh Pays, mon Beau Peuple" (1957), "L'Harmattan" (1964) and the collection of stories, "Voltaique" (1962), which was translated as "God's Bits of Wood "and appears in the African Writers Series (AWS). He has made several films including one of "Le Mandat" (translated as The Money Order with White Genesis AWS). His film of "Xala" met with a great success in the New York film festival.